#D2000G Borealis-V2R

$695.00 – $2,395.00

Borealis is a fluorescent biosensor assay for arrestin recruitment. This kit captures arrestin recruitment kinetics at the unmodified Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor (V2R) in live cells.

Borealis Sensor

Description
Additional information

A kinetic biosensor assay for arrestin recruitment converts conformational changes in arrestin-3 (β-arrestin-2) to changes in fluorescence intensity. This kit detects arrestin recruitment at the unmodified Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor (V2R). The Borealis Arrestin Sensor, and V2R, are packaged in a BacMam viral vector for easy delivery to most cell types. Validated for use on fluorescence imaging systems and automated fluorescence plate readers.

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Materials in the Kit:

• Green Borealis Biosensor for arrestin, in BacMam

• Unmodified Vasopressin Type 2 Receptor (V2R), in BacMam

• Sodium Butyrate, 500mM in H₂O

• Control Receptor: Angiotensin II-Type 1 (AT1R), in BacMam (provided as a positive control)

• Control Agonist: Angiotensin II, 5mM in H₂O (provided as a positive control)

Additional information

Protocol for Use	https://montanamolecular.com/beta-arrestin-assays/green-fluorescent-beta-arrestin-assays-protocol/
Shipping	We strive for prompt delivery of each order, so we ship by FedEx 2-day service in lightweight, sturdy, and reusable/biodegradable packaging with an insulated cooler and moisture-resistant refrigerant gel packs. Shipping days are Mon-Wed so product does not sit in transit over the weekend. Web store ships to US & Canada only, contact sales for other locations.
MSDS	https://montanamolecular.com/msds-for-beta-arrestin/
Scientific Publications	https://montanamolecular.com/scientific-publications//
More Info	https://montanamolecular.com/beta-arrestin-assays/
Kit Volume	10mL, 30mL, 60mL

GPCR Assay References:

Borealis Arrestin Assay References

H. Schiff, et al. β-arrestin-biased proteinase-activated receptor-2 antagonist C781 limits allergen-induced airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation. British Journal of Pharmacology. June 2022.
S. Hoare, et al. Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. January 2022.
S. Hoare, T. Hughes. Biosensor Assays for Measuring the Kinetics of G-Protein and Arrestin-Mediated Signaling in Live Cells. The Assay Guidance Manual. September 2021.
S. Hoare, et al. Analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature Scientific Reports July 2020.
S. Hoare, et al. A kinetic method for measuring agonist efficacy and ligand bias using high resolution biosensors and a kinetic data analysis framework. Nature Scientific Reports Feb 2020.

cADDis cAMP Assay References

E. Porpiglia, et al. Elevated CD47 is a hallmark of dysfunctional aged muscle stem cells that can be targeted to augment regeneration. Cell Stem Cell. December 2022. (bioRxiv)
J. Janetzko, et al. Membrane phosphoinositides regulate GPCR-β-arrestin complex assembly and dynamics. Cell. November 2022.
N. Saito, et al. Gα_s-Coupled CGRP Receptor Signaling Axis from the Trigeminal Ganglion Neuron to Odontoblast Negatively Regulates Dentin Mineralization. biomolecules. November 2022.
J. Xu, et al. An evolutionarily conserved olfactory receptor is required for sex differences in blood pressure. bioRxiv. November 2022.
B. Barsi-Rhyne, et al. Discrete GPCR-triggered endocytic modes enable β-arrestins to flexibly regulate cell signaling. eLife. October 2022. (bioRxiv)
S. A. Dai, et al. State-selective modulation of heterotrimeric Gαs signaling with macrocyclic peptides. Cell. September 2022.
J. H. Cho, et al. Islet primary cilia motility controls insulin secretion. Science Advances. September 2022. (bioRxiv)
E. Blythe, M. von Zastrow. A discrete mode of endosomal GPCR signaling that does not require β-arrestins. bioRxiv. September 2022.
ER McGlone, et al. Hepatocyte cholesterol content modulates glucagon receptor signaling. Molecular Metabolism. September 2022.
J. Xu, J. Pluznick. Key amino acids alter activity and trafficking of a well-conserved olfactory receptor. Cell Physiology. June 2022.
C. Zhang, et al. A brainstem circuit for nausea suppression. Cell Reports. June 2022.
J. Hansen, et al. A cAMP signalosome in primary cilia drives gene expression and kidney cyst formation. EMBO Reports. June 2022.
S. Ansari, et al. Morphogen Directed Coordination of GPCR Activity Promotes Primary Cilium Function for Downstream Signaling. bioRxiv. May 2022.
S. Bitsi, et al. Divergent acute versus prolonged in vivo GLP-1R responses in β-arrestin 2-deleted primary beta cells. bioRxiv. April 2022.
Y. Mizobuchi, et al. Ketamine Improves Desensitization of μ-Opioid Receptors Induced by Repeated Treatment with Fentanyl but Not with Morphine. biomolecules. March 2022.
B. Polacco, et al. Profiling the diversity of agonist-selective effects on the proximal proteome environment of G protein-coupled receptors. bioRxiv. March 2022.
D. Lovinger, et al. Local modulation by presynaptic receptors controls neuronal communication and behavior. Nature Reviews Neuroscience. February 2022.
F. De Logu, et al. Schwann cell endosome CGRP signals elicit peri orbital mechanical allodynia in mice. Nature Communications. February 2022.
A. Lutas, et al. History-dependent dopamine release increases cAMP levels in most basal amygdala glutamatergic neurons to control learning. Cell Reports. January 2022.
G. Sancar, et al. FGF1 and insulin control lipolysis by convergent pathways. Cell Metabolism. January 2022.
S. Hoare, et al. Quantifying the Kinetics of Signaling and Arrestin Recruitment by Nervous System G-Protein Coupled Receptors. Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience. January 2022.
Y. Karasawa, et al. In Vitro Analyses of Spinach-Derived Opioid Peptides, Rubiscolins: Receptor Selectivity and Intracellular Activities through G-protein- and β-arrestin-Mediated Pathways. Molecules. October 2021.
A. White, et al. Spatial Bias in cAMP generation determines biological responses to PTH type 1 receptor activation. Science Signaling. October 2021.
J. Janetzko, et al. Membrane phosphoinositides stabilize GPCR-arrestin complexes and offer temporal control of complex assembly and dynamics. bioRxiv. October 2021.
Y. Kuroda, et al. Inhibition of endothelin A receptor by a novel, selective receptor antagonist enhances morphine-induced analgesia: Possible functional interaction of dimerized endothelin A and μ-opioid receptors. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. September 2021.
A. Lutas, et al. Dopamine-dependent cAMP dynamics in basal amygdala glutamatergic neurons. bioRxiv. September 2021.
F. De Logu, et al. CGRP Signals from Endosomes of Schwann Cells to Elicit Migraine Pain. Research Square. August 2021.
C. Wu, et al. Discovery of ciliary G protein-coupled receptors regulating pancreatic islet insulin and glucagon secretion. Genes & Development. August 2021. bioRxiv.
S. Zhang, et al. Hypothalamic dopamine neurons motivate mating through persistent cAMP signalling. Nature. August 2021.
M. Nuriya, et al. Alkyne-Tagged Dopamines as Versatile Analogue Probes for Dopaminergic System Analysis. Analytical Chemistry. July 2021.
N. Senese, et al. Antidepressants produce persistent Gα_s associated signaling changes in lipid rafts following drug withdrawal. Molecular Pharmacology. May 2021.
W. Han, et al. Nausea and the Brain: The Chemoreceptor Trigger Zone Enters the Molecular Age. Neuron. February 2021.
H. Carr, et al. The PDZ Domain Protein SYNJ2BP Regulates GRK-dependent Sst2A Phosphorylation and Downstream MAPK Signaling. Endocrinology. February 2021.
A. Pronin, et al. Ectopically expressed olfactory receptors OR51E1 and OR51E2 suppress proliferation and promote cell death in a prostate cancer cell line. Journal of Biological Chemistry. February 2021.
A. Gad, et al. Conserved residues in extracellular loop 2 regulate Stachel-mediated activation of ADGRG2. bioRxiv. February 2021.
Z. Zhou, et al. Astrocytic cAMP modulates memory via synaptic plasticity. PNAS. January 2021.
M. Draper, et al. Imaging Meets Cytometry: Analyzing Heterogenous Functional Microscopic Data from Living Cell Populations. J. Imaging. January 2021.
M. Thomas, et al. Optically activated, customizable, excitable cells. PLOS One. December 2020.
C. Zhang, et al. Area Postrema Cell Types That Mediate Nausea-Associated Behaviors. Neuron. November 2020.
T. Patriarchi, et al. An expanded palette of dopamine sensors for multiplex imaging in vivo. Nature Methods. September 2020.
S. Hoare, et al. Analyzing kinetic signaling data for G-protein-coupled receptors. Nature Scientific Reports July 2020.
J. Hansen, et al. Nanobody-directed targeting of ontogenetic tools to study signaling in the primary cilium. eLife. June 2020.
J. Yu et al. N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids promote astrocyte differentiation and neurotrophin production independent of cAMP in patient-derived neural stem cells. Mol. Psychiatry. June 2020.
J. Cortes-Troncoso, et al. T cell exosome-derived miR-142-3p impairs glandular cell function in Sjörgen's Syndrome. JCI Insight. May 2020.
I. Gapallawa, et al. Bitter taste receptors stimulate phagocytosis in human macrophages through calcium, nitric oxide, and cyclic-GMP signaling Cell. Mol. Life Sci. March, 2020 (bioRxiv)
N. Daram, et al. Glucagon-like Peptide 1 Shows Glucose Dependence in Regulating Islet Hormone Secretion. Metabolism. March 2020.
C. Koziol-White et al. Budesonide enhances agonist-induced bronchodilation in human small airways by increasing cAMP production in airway smooth muscle. American Journal of Physiology. February 2020.
S. Hoare, et al. A kinetic method for measuring agonist efficacy and ligand bias using high resolution biosensors and a kinetic data analysis framework. Nature Scientific Reports Feb 2020.
D. McMahon, et al. Neuropeptide regulation of secretion and inflammation in human airway gland serous cells European Respiratory Journal. Feb 2020 (bioRxiv)
R. Forteza, et al. Glucocorticoids and myosin5b loss of function induce heightened PKA signaling in addition to membrane traffic defects Molecular Biology of the Cell. Dec. 2019
Nunez, F.J., Johnstone, T.B. et al. Glucocorticoids rapidly activate cAMP production via Gαs to initiate non‐genomic signaling that contributes to one‐third of their canonical genomic effects FASEB Journal, Dec. 2019
Nunez, F.J., Schulte, N.A., Fogel, D.M., et al. Agonist-specific desensitization of PGE2-stimulated cAMP signaling due to upregulated phosphodiesterase expression in human lung fibroblasts Naunyn-Schmiedeberg’s Arch Pharmacol Dec. 2019
K. Harlen, et al. Live-Cell Assays for Cell Stress Responses Reveal New Patterns of Cell Signaling Caused by Mutations in Rhodopsin, α-Synuclein and TDP-43 Front. Cell. Neurosci.,December 2019
MP Pedro et al. Activation of G-Protein Coupled Receptor-Gai Signaling Increases Keratinocyte Proliferation and Reduces Differentiation, Leading to Epidermal Hyperplasia. Journal of Investigative Dermatology. November 2019.
K. Hilgendorf, et al. Omega-3 Fatty Acids Activate Ciliary FFAR4 to Control Adipogenesis Cell November, 2019
R. Sherpa et al. Sensory primary cilium is a responsive cAMP microdomain in renal epithelia. Scientific Reports. April 2019
T. Baldwin, et al. Insights into the Regulatory Properties of Human Adenylyl Cyclase Type 9 Molecular Pharmacology. April, 2019
T. Togo Autocrine purinergic signaling stimulated by cell membrane disruption is involved in both cell membrane repair and adaptive response in MDCK cells Biochem & Biophysical Research Comm. March, 2019
J. Knudsen, et al. Dysregulation of Glucagon Secretion by Hyperglycemia-Induced Sodium-Dependent Reduction of ATP Production. Cell Metabolism. February 2019.
C. Ojiaku, et al. Transforming Growth Factor-β1 Decreases β2-Agonist–induced Relaxation in Human Airway Smooth Muscle ATSJournas, Dec 2018
N. Naim et al. Luminescence-activated nucleotide cyclase regulates spatial and temporal cAMP synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry. December 2018.
Y.A.B. Sierra, et al. Potassium channel-based optogenetic silencing. Nature Communications Nov. 5 2018.
M. Qadri et al. cAMP attenuates TGF-β’s profibrotic responses in osteoarthritic synoviocytes: involvement of hyaluronan and PRG4. Cell Physiology. September 2018.
M. Marasco et al. Interleukin-6 Reduces Beta-Cell Oxidative Stress by Linking Autophagy With the Antioxidant Response. Diabetes. August 2018
X. Chen, et al. Phenylephrine, a common cold remedy active ingredient, suppresses uterine contractions through cAMP signalling. Scientific Reports Aug. 2018.
P. Tewson, et al. Assay for Detecting Gαi-Mediated Decreases in cAMP in Living Cells. SLAS. July 10, 2018. Request Full Text PDF
A. Hamilton et al. Adrenaline Stimulates Glucagon Secretion by Tpc2-Dependent Ca2+ Mobilization From Acidic Stores in Pancreatic α-Cells. Diabetes. June 2018.
T. Buranda, et al. A High-Throughput Flow Cytometry Screen Identifies Molecules that Inhibit Hantavirus Cell Entry. SLAS Discovery. April 2, 2018.
N. H. Wray, et al. NMDAR-independent, cAMP-dependent antidepressant actions of ketamine. Molecular Psychiatry. April 2, 2018.
H. Zou, et al. PDE8: A Novel Target in Airway Smooth Muscle. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Vol. 58, No. 4. April 01 2018.
H. Singh et al. Disruption of lipid-raft localized Gαs/tubulin complexes by antidepressants: a unique feature of HDAC6 inhibitors, SSRI and tricyclic compounds. Neuropsychopharmacology. February 2018.
T.B. Johnstone, et al. PDE8 is Expressed in Human Airway Smooth Muscle and Selectively Regulates cAMP Signaling by β2AR-AC6. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology. Dec. 2017.
T. Togo Cell membrane disruption stimulates cAMP and Ca2+ signaling to potentiate cell membrane resealing in neighboring cells Biology Open. December 2017.
K.A. McCrink, et al. β-Arrestin2 Improves Post-Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure via Sarco(endo)plasmic Reticulum Ca2+-ATPase-Dependent Positive Inotropy in Cardiomyocytes. Hypertension. Nov. 2017.
Q. Wang, et al. Regulator of G protein signaling Gβ5-R7 is a crucial activator of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J. Jul. 7,2017.
J. King et al. A G protein‐coupled α7 nicotinic receptor regulates signaling and TNF‐α release in microglia. FEBS. July 2017.
J. Almaça, et al. Human beta cells produce and release serotonin to inhibit glucagon secretion from alpha cells.Cell Reports, Volume 17, Issue 12, 2016.
P. Tewson, et al. New DAG and cAMP Sensors Optimized for Live-Cell Assays in Automated Laboratories. J Biomol Screen Dec. 11, 2015. Request Full Text PDF
B.S. Moore, et al. Cilia have high cAMP levels that are inhibited by Sonic Hedgehog-regulated calcium dynamics. PNAS Nov. 15, 2016.

PIP2 Assay References

L. Brueggemann, et al. Structural Determinants of Kv7.5 Potassium Channels that Confer Changes in Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-Biphosphate (PIP₂) Affinity and Signaling Sensitivity in Smooth Muscle Cells. Molecular Pharmacology. March 2020.
L.Liu, et al. Gαq sensitizes TRPM8 to inhibition by PI(4,5)P2 depletion upon receptor activation. J.Neurosci. May 2019.
Alexey N. Pronin, Qiang Wang and Vladlen Z. Slepak Teaching an Old Drug New Tricks: Agonism, Antagonism, and Biased Signaling of Pilocarpine through M3 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Molecular Pharmacology Nov. 2018
Y. Ding, et al. Ratiometric biosensors based on dimerization dependent fluorescent protein exchange. Nature Methods, 2015.
P. Tewson, et al. A multiplexed fluorescent assay for independent second-messenger systems: decoding GPCR activation in living cells. J. Biomolecular Screening 18, 2013.

DAG Assay References

G. Sanchez, et al. Coincident Regulation of PLCβ Signaling by Gq-Coupled and μ-Opioid Receptors Opposes Opioid-Mediated Antinociception. Molecular Pharmacology. December 2022.
Z. Miller, et al. Lidocaine Induces Apoptosis in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells Through Activation of Bitter Taste Receptor T2R14. bioRxiv. November 2022.
M. Doepner, et al. Endogenous DOPA inhibits melanoma through suppression of CHRM1 signaling. Science Advances. September 2022.
A. Kim, et al. Arginine-vasopressin mediates counter-regulatory glucagon release and is diminished in type 1 diabetes. eLife. November 2021. (bioRxiv)
S. Hoare, T. Hughes. Biosensor Assays for Measuring the Kinetics of G-Protein and Arrestin-Mediated Signaling in Live Cells. The Assay Guidance Manual. September 2021.
E. Maguire, et al. The Alzheimer's disease protective P522R variant of PLCG2, consistently enhances stimulus-dependent PLCγ2 activation, depleting substrate and altering cell function. bioRxiv. April 2020.
L. Liu, et al. Diacylglycerol kinases regulate TRPV1 channel activity. Journal of Biological Chemistry. April 2020.
S. Hoare, et al. A kinetic method for measuring agonist efficacy and ligand bias using high resolution biosensors and a kinetic data analysis framework. Nature Scientific Reports Feb 2020.
A. Kim et al. AVP-induced counter-regulatory glucagon is diminished in type 1 diabetes. BioRxiv. January 2020.
C Deisl et al. Hypertrophy of human embryonic stem cell–derived cardiomyocytes supported by positive feedback between Ca2+ and diacylglycerol signals. Pflügers Archiv – European Journal of Physiology Jun. 2019
Herranz, Gonzalo et al. Protein Kinase C δ Regulates the Depletion of Actin at the Immunological Synapse Required for Polarized Exosome Secretion by T Cells. Frontiers in Immunology Apr. 2019
Ohno, et al. Dynamics of Presynaptic Diacylglycerol in a Sensory Neuron Encode Differences between Past and Current Stimulus Intensity. Cell Reports, Vol. 20, Issue 10. Sept. 2017
Q. Wang, et al. Regulator of G protein signaling Gβ5-R7 is a crucial activator of muscarinic M3 receptor-stimulated insulin secretion. FASEB J. Jul. 7,2017.
Shigeto, et al. GLP-1 stimulates insulin secretion by PKC-dependent TRPM4 and TRPM5 activation. J Clinical Invest. 2015. doi:10.1172/JCI81975.
Xingjuan, et al. PKC-dependent Phosphorylation of the H1 Histamine Receptor Modulates TRPC6 Activity. Cells. 2014.
P. Tewson, et al. New DAG and cAMP Sensors Optimized for Live-Cell Assays in Automated Laboratories. J Biomol Screen Dec. 2015. Request Full Text PDF
Arttamangkul, et al.Does PKC activation increase the homologous desensitization of μ opioid receptors?British Journal of Pharmacology April 2014
Tewson, et al. Simultaneous Detection of Ca2+and Diacylglycerol Signaling in Living Cells. PLoS One. 2012.